Large-scale satellite constellations, such as Starlink and Kuiper, exchange information at an incredible speed thanks to new technologies of laser intersatellite communication, but each satellite remains independent in terms of energy and propulsion.
A new project led by the University of Michigan, funded by 2 million dollars by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research, aims to change that, using these intersatellite links to transfer energy and momentum as well.
Pulse exchange using laser light could allow satellites to move without the burden and limitations of on-board fuel, while energy exchange can increase the efficiency of existing propulsion systems. Integrating these new modes of operation with existing data transfer technology is the goal of a three-year project called Orbital Architectures for Cooperative Laser Energetics (ORACLE).
These new capabilities will improve the sustainability and longevity of space missions, will make them more resistant to failures, such as space weather. They will also simplify the reconfiguration of satellite constellations and facilitate the movement or removal of space debris.
Now the engineering team is solving the problem from four directions:
- Synthesis of materials of the next generation, which allow satellites to efficiently convert laser beams into useful energy, simultaneously serving as communication channels or solar energy converters.
- Construction of the system, multiple reflection of laser beams between satellites, to increase traction from light, for maneuvering without using fuel.
- Development of control and stabilization algorithms, to maintain accurate laser communications despite the unpredictable space environment.
- Creation of a decision-making complex at the constellation level, which allow thousands of satellites to cooperate, redistribute resources and maneuver on an unprecedented scale.
In the final stage of the project, the team members integrate the developed technologies, to create the first demonstration of a laser terminal, capable of data transmission, energy and momentum.
Source: https://news.engin.umich.edu